Prenatal inflammation linked to autism risk

Maternal inflammation during early pregnancy may be related to an increased risk of autism in children, according to new findings supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), part of the National Institutes of Health.Researchers found this in children of mothers with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), a well-established marker of systemic inflammation.

The risk of autism among children in the study was increased by 43 percent among mothers with CRP levels in the top 20th percentile, and by 80 percent for maternal CRP in the top 10th percentile. The findings appear in the journal Molecular Psychiatry and add to mounting evidence that an overactive immune response can alter the development of the central nervous system in the fetus.

“Elevated CRP is a signal that the body is undergoing a response to inflammation from, for example, a viral or bacterial infection,” said lead scientist on the study, Alan Brown, M.D., professor of clinical psychiatry and epidemiology at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Mailman School of Public Health. “The higher the level of CRP in the mother, the greater the risk of autism in the child.”

3D fetus fly-through peers inside abnormal bodies

Thanks to MRI techniques, you can see what a baby looks like before it’s born. But now these images can also be used to peer inside the body of a fetus, generating a fly-through of internal tissues that rivals the view you would get from a video.

Developed by Jorge Lopes from the National Institute of Technology (INT) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and colleagues, the system can quickly produce a 3D virtual tour through a region of interest, usually to examine congenital anomalies. Using a combination of software, a doctor can produce a reconstruction after an MRI scan by selecting the camera angle and movement desired. In this video, a view into the lungs and airways of two unborn babies with tumours helped determine if their breathing would be affected after birth.

In addition to virtual models, the team can also produce 3D printed versions of an unborn child (see image above). According to Lopes, physical models can help describe a condition to expectant parents and illustrate surgical procedures required, as well as being useful for blind mothers to get a sense of their baby’s appearance.