Posts tagged conscious awareness

Subtle body cues allow people to identify others with surprising accuracy when faces are difficult to differentiate. This skill may help researchers improve person-recognition software and expand their understanding of how humans recognize each other.

A study published in Psychological Science by researchers at The University of Texas at Dallas demonstrates that humans rely on non-facial cues, such as body shape and build, to identify people in challenging viewing conditions, such as poor lighting.

“Psychologists and computer scientists have concentrated almost exclusively on the role of the face in person recognition,” explains lead researcher Allyson Rice. “Our results show that the body can also provide important and sometimes sufficient identity information for person recognition.”

During several experiments, researchers asked college-age participants to look at images of two people side-by-side and identify whether the images showed the same person. Some pairs looked similar despite showing different people, while other image pairs showed the same person with a different appearance. The researchers used computer face recognition systems to find pairs of pictures in which facial characteristics were difficult to use for identity.

Overall, participants accurately discerned whether the images showed the same person when they were provided complete images that showed both the face and body. Participants were just as accurate in identifying people in the image pairs when the faces were blocked out and only the bodies were shown. But, similarly to the computer-based face recognition system, participants had trouble identifying images of the subjects’ faces without their bodies.

Image: Above are pairs of photographs that face-recognition software failed to identify correctly. The top two photos are of the same person, while the bottom two photos are of different people

When asked, participants thought they were using primarily facial features to identify the subjects. To unravel the paradox, the researchers used eye-tracking equipment to determine where participants were actually looking. They found participants spent more time looking at the body whenever the face did not provide enough information to identify the subjects.

“People’s recognition strategies were inaccessible to their conscious awareness,” Rice said. “This provides a cautionary tale in ascribing credibility to people’s subjective reports of how they came to an identity decision.”

Dr. Alice O’Toole, Aage and Margareta Møller Professor in the School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, has worked on facial recognition for over 15 years and supervised the project.

“Given the widespread use of face recognition systems in security settings, it is important for these systems to make use of all potentially helpful information,” O’Toole said. “Our work shows that the body can be surprisingly useful for identification, especially when the face fails to provide the necessary identity information.”

(Source: utdallas.edu)

Wouldn’t it be amazing if our bodies prepared us for future events that could be very important to us, even if there’s no clue about what those events will be?

Presentiment without any external clues may, in fact, exist, according to new Northwestern University research that analyzes the results of 26 studies published between 1978 and 2010.

Researchers already know that our subconscious minds sometimes know more than our conscious minds. Physiological measures of subconscious arousal, for instance, tend to show up before conscious awareness that a deck of cards is stacked against us.

"What hasn’t been clear is whether humans have the ability to predict future important events even without any clues as to what might happen," said Julia Mossbridge, lead author of the study and research associate in the Visual Perception, Cognition and Neuroscience Laboratory at Northwestern.

A person playing a video game at work while wearing headphones, for example, can’t hear when his or her boss is coming around the corner.

"But our analysis suggests that if you were tuned into your body, you might be able to detect these anticipatory changes between two and 10 seconds beforehand and close your video game," Mossbridge said. "You might even have a chance to open that spreadsheet you were supposed to be working on. And if you were lucky, you could do all this before your boss entered the room."

This phenomenon is sometimes called “presentiment,” as in “sensing the future,” but Mossbridge said she and other researchers are not sure whether people are really sensing the future.

"I like to call the phenomenon ‘anomalous anticipatory activity,’" she said. "The phenomenon is anomalous, some scientists argue, because we can’t explain it using present-day understanding about how biology works; though explanations related to recent quantum biological findings could potentially make sense. It’s anticipatory because it seems to predict future physiological changes in response to an important event without any known clues, and it’s an activity because it consists of changes in the cardiopulmonary, skin and nervous systems."

(Source: eurekalert.org)