New 3D printing technique could speed up progress towards creation of artificial organs
In the more immediate future it could be used to generate biopsy-like tissue samples for drug testing. The technique relies on an adjustable “microvalve” to build up layers of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs).
Altering the nozzle diameter precisely controls the rate at which cells are dispensed.
Lead scientist Dr Will Shu, from Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, said: “We found that the valve-based printing is gentle enough to maintain high stem cell viability, accurate enough to produce spheroids of uniform size, and most importantly, the printed hESCs maintained their pluripotency - the ability to differentiate into any other cell type.”
Embryonic stem cells, which originate from early stage embryos, are blank slates with the potential to become any type of tissue in the body.
The research is reported in the journal Biofabrication.
In the long term, the new printing technique could pave the way for hESCs being incorporated into transplant-ready laboratory-made organs and tissues, said the researchers.
The 3D structures will also enable scientists to create more accurate human tissue models for drug testing.
Cloning technology can produce embryonic stem cells, or cells with ESC properties, containing a patient’s own genetic programming.
Artificial tissue and organs made from such cells could be implanted into the patient from which they are derived without triggering a dangerous immune response.
Jason King, business development manager of stem cell biotech company Roslin Cellab, which took part in the research, said: “Normally laboratory grown cells grow in 2D but some cell types have been printed in 3D. However, up to now, human stem cell cultures have been too sensitive to manipulate in this way.
"This is a scientific development which we hope and believe will have immensely valuable long-term implications for reliable, animal-free, drug testing, and, in the longer term, to provide organs for transplant on demand, without the need for donation and without the problems of immune suppression and potential organ rejection."
